ABSTRACT: In this paper we discuss the archeology of architecture on the example of the monastery of St. Michael on the Prevlaka island in Boka Kotorska. This part of archeology is almost unknown to archaeological science in Montenegro, and it is based on the experience of researching the Old Town of Bar in the period between 2004 and 2012, although it has been present in European archaeological science for decades. The Church of the Saint Michael on Prevlaka is a multi-layered building, which was systematically researched in 1956. and 1957, and in the period between 1997. and 2005., when it was completely excavated. It was built on the foundations of an early Byzantine church from the 6th century, and in the 9th or 10th century it was remodeled for the Benedictine monastery, which was demolished in the first half of the 11th century. Around 1220, the ruined remains of the basilica were rebuilt for the purpose of the bishopric of Zeta, which was enthroned on Prevlaka in this period. In the paper, we tried to show the methods of masonry of both eras, which especially refers to the altar area, which, according to new studies, was rebuilt on the foundations of an older basilica from the 9th/10th century. Also, primarily on the basis of comparing the vertical and horizontal stratigraphy, the genesis of the remodeling of its interior is followed, with all the main characteristics that allow us to understand how the architectural conception of the worship space changes, that is, how the church gets a new altar, dome, modified narthex, building from the north side etc.

• Мile BAKOVIĆ, ARHEOLOŠKA ISTRAŽIVANJA LOKALITETA ĆAF KIŠ, 33-46  Download

ABSTRACT: At the site of Dubrava, there are remains of church architecture known as Ćaf Kiš. Around these remains is a vast necropolis, many still visible today. Protective archaeological research was carried out on a limited scale and showed that these are the remains of a church built at the beginning of the 16th century. Several explored graves testify that the church was built on an older necropolis. A cemetery was formed around the church, and after its demolition, numerous burials took place in it as well. On the remains of the architecture, we observed two basic building phases. First, a church was built with a deep apse, without a chancel. Shortly after construction, the northeast part of the church was demolished, and the apse fell to the northeast. It would be said that the collapse was caused by seismic action because no traces of ignition and destruction were observed. Soon, the church was restored, but now in a somewhat altered form, a new shallow apse was built, the nave was strengthened by constructing a buttress on the west side and the building was expanded by building the chancel. The architecture of the building, the church furniture and part of the movable archaeological material found unequivocally testify that the church ceremony took place according to the Latin custom. We determined the oldest archaeological layer to be in the 14^th century, the church was built in the 16^th century, and burials in and around it lasted until the middle of the 20^th century.

• Janko PAUNOVIĆ, UPOTREBA MEHANIZMA ‘’CHECKS AND BALANCES-A’’ U KOTORSKOM STATUTU (ŠTAMPAN 1616. GODINE U VENECIJI), 47-70  Download

ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to shed light on the decision-making process in early modern Kotor, based on an analysis of the Statute of Kotor (1616) and surviving notarial documents.

• Дарко БАКИЋ, СУКОБИ У ДОЊИМ ВАСОЈЕВИЋИМА АВГУСТА 1912. ГОДИНЕ, 71-92  Download

ABSTRACT: In mid-August 1912, there were armed conflicts between the cross-border Serbs and the Ottoman army, which committed serious crimes against the village of Donja Ržanica. In order to stop the Turks and restore the balance between the warring parties, Montenegrin units crossed the border and intervened in the events that followed. Nevertheless, thanks to the efforts of both Montenegrins and Ottomans, hostilities were stopped. An appropriate agreement was reached between the border commanders and Javad Pasha, but in practice, there was no serious progress in terms of its implementation. It remained for the beginning of the First Balkan War to decide the further fate of Lower Vasojevići, that was freed from Ottoman rule very soon after the start of hostilities.

Prilozi

• Petar LEKIĆ, ANALIZA KULTA SV. TROJICE NA CRNOGORSKIM PLANINAMA, 93-104  Download

ABSTRACT: In the territory of Montenegro, the cult of the Holy Trinity existed at various locations, with a unique aspect being the construction of sacred buildings on mountaintops, as part of a broader phenomenon of erecting temples in the mountains. Some structures dedicated to the Holy Trinity can also be found in lowland areas. It was a custom to visit these places and celebrate the holiday on Trinity Day. The earliest mentions of this cult date back to the Middle Ages.

• Филип Д. ВУЧЕТИЋ, ИЗБОРИ У КЊАЖЕВИНИ/КРАЉЕВИНИ ЦРНОЈ ГОРИ 1905-1913. ГОДИНЕ, 105-123  Download

ABSTRACT: In this thesis we will present political life in the Principality/the Kingdom of Montenegro in the period from 1905 to 1914.

The emphasis will be put on the elections that are organised in 1906, 1907, 1911 and at the end of 1913. Also, the aim of this thesis is to show political polarization and political struggle between the Court and the democratic currents in the in the State.

Izvori

• Иван ЛАКОВИЋ, ГЕНЕРАЛ-МАЈОР БРАНИСЛАВ БАРЈАКТАРЕВИЋ, ВОЈНА ПОМОЋ САД ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ, АРХИВ ОРУЖАНИХ СНАГА СРБИЈЕ, ФОНД II УПРАВЕ ГЕНЕРАЛШТАБА ЈНА, НЕСРЕЂЕНА ГРАЂА, КУТИЈА БР.21, ФАСЦИКЛА III, Р-3, 125-170  Download

ABSTRACT: This document from the Archive of Armed Forces of Serbia, brings an overview of material contents of US’ military assistance to Yugoslavia, delivered through the program of military aid from 1951 to 1958. It contains the description of sums allocated to the main branches of Yugoslav armed forces and contents of programs planned for their modernization along with spare parts, training and education of military personnel, visits by members of American Military Assistance Staff to Yugoslav military institutions, headquarters and units, remarks on composition, role and intentions of its members, through list of programmed, delivered and undelivered items, as well as graphs of value of program. The document is authored by major general Branislav Barjaktarević, chief of Yugoslav section for receipt of military aid.

Prikazi:

Radenko ŠĆEKIĆ, SLAVKO BURZANOVIĆ, BOBAN BATRIĆEVIĆ, ‘’MONUMENTA MONTENEGRINA VATICANA- KONKORDAT IZMEĐU SVETE STOLICE I KNJAŽEVINE CRNE GORE IZ 1886. GODINE, MINISTARSTVO KULTURE CRNE GORE, OBOD, CETINJE, 2020, 171-176  Download

In Memoriam:

Božena MILJIĆ, BRANISLAV MAROVIĆ (1933-2022), 177-180  Download

ČLANCI

• Karl KASER, The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913, An Austrian-Hungarian Perspective, 15-32  Download

ABSTRACT: The paper deals with the position, intentions and perspectives of Austrian-Hungarian Empire at the end of XIX and the beginning of XX century. In order to maintain its status of the Great Power, it sought the area for expansion in the Balkan, as the only direction possible. On the other side, the growing power of the newly formed Balkan states, predominantly Serbia, presented an obstacle to its pretensions on Thessalonica, which was tried to overcome by creation of independent Albanian state under decisive influence of Vienna, as well as through backing the Bulgarian side in Second Balkan war. Failure of this plan led to further escalation of the conflict with Serbia, with clear perspective of the military clash.

• Momčilo D. PEJOVIĆ, Analiza socijalnog porijekla omladine iz Crne Gore i Boke školovane u inostranstvu 1848-1918. godine, 33-52  Download

ABSTRACT: The second half of the 19th century is the most prolific period in the social development of Montenegro as an autonomous and independent state, particularly in terms of its social, political, educational and cultural development. Until the second half of the 19^th century, Montenegrin students were educated outside the borders of their homeland, primarily in the neighboring Serbia, distant Russia and other European countries of the time – Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, France, Italy, etc. The analysis of the social background of 692 pupils/students of secondary and higher schools and academies-faculties in the period from 1848-1918 indicates that among them, there were sons of farmers, landowners, workers, merchants, innkeepers, artisans, officers, clan elders, clan captains, clan commanders, dukes, sirdars, brigadiers, seamen, clerks, judges, doctors, lawyers, priests, teachers and pensioners.

• Senka BABOVIĆ-RASPOPOVIĆ, Crna Gora i spoljna kulturna politika Rusije u drugoj polovini 19. i početkom 20. vijeka, 53-79.  Download

ABSTRACT: The paper is dedicated to the research of the cultural factor in Montenegrin-Russian and Russian-Montenegrin relations in the second half of the 19^th and the beginning of the 20^th century, through the framework of foreign cultural policy. The topic can contribute to further research on the topic and the like.

• Lovorka ČORALIĆ, Pisma i poruke rektora Budve, Bara i Ulcinja kao izvor za proučavanje diplomatsko-političkih zbivanja na jugu crnogorskog primorja u XVI stoljeću, 81-96  Download

ABSTRACT: The central theme of this article is the analysis of the archival series of the State Archive of Venice (Archivio di Stato di Venezia) called Capi del Consiglio de’ Dieci: Lettere di Rettori e di altre cariche. The documents used are those related to the cities of Budva, Bar and Ulcinj (in the sixteenth century), which – through the reports of city officials to the Venetian central authorities – speak of the life of these cities and their population in a period marked by the danger of war and a direct threat from the Ottoman army. In the article, particular attention is paid to the analysis of those documents speaking directly about the organization of the network of agents and spies in the hinter land of the aforementioned cities, as well as the diplomatic and political attempts of Venetian officials to attract the population of the immediately neighbouring areas to fight under the standard of St. Mark. These sources are at the same time valuable source material for the study of numerous various elements from the history of Venetian acquisitions in the southern part of the eastern Adriatic at the very beginning of the Early Modern  Age.

• Valentina ŽIVKOVIĆ, Kult Svete Klare u Kotoru (XIV-XVI vek), 97-107  Download

ABSTRACT: On the basis of preserved written and artistic sources, the stages of acceptance and development of the cult of the founder of the Second Franciscan religious order, St. Clare, in late medieval Kotor were discussed. Shortly after the arrival of the Franciscans in Kotor, the monastery of St. Clare was built, first near the city, and then inside the city walls in 1364. The veneration of St. Clare in Kotor received a special accent by including the performance of this saint within the painted decoration of the Cathedral of St. Tryphon.

• Aleksandar ŽIVOTIĆ, Nemirna granica. Pogranične tenzije između Jugoslavije i Albanije (1948-1954), 109-127  Download

ABSTRACT: Based on published and unpublished archival material of Yugoslav and Soviet origin, as well as relevant historiographical and memoir literature, this paper analyzes the problems of border tensions – armed incidents, disputes related to border marking, insertion of sabotage groups and illegal border crossings between Yugoslavia and Albania during period of intense conflict between Yugoslavia and the countries of the Informbiro.

PRILOZI

• Darko BAKIĆ, Stanko Radonjić, prvi crnogorski diplomatski predstavnik, 129-142  Download

ABSTRACT: Duke Stanko Radonjić, the first Montenegrin diplomatic representative, performed the duty of extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary minister of Montenegro in the Ottoman Empire. During his short stay in Constantinople, Radonjić was primarily focused on resolving the Montenegrin-Turkish border issue. In addition, he was engaged in consular affairs. After a few months spent in the Ottoman capital, at the end of December 1879, he returned to Cetinje.

• Radenko ŠĆEKIĆ, Začetak političke propagande – od starovjekovne do propagande u doba prosvijećenog apsolutizma, 143-156  Download

ABSTRACT: No government could be maintained on a bare force, so its ideological justification, i.e. legitimization, is carried out under the auspices of religion and tradition, mainly through the sacralization of power. The basic feature of the entire ancient propaganda is the monolithic and imposing state propaganda whose thematic backbone is the divinization of the state and rulers. The emergence of the very term propaganda, and its institutional development is related to the Roman Catholic Church.

• Bojan NOVAKOVIĆ, Hum i Zahumljani u 33. glavi spisa De administrando imperio, 157-166  Download

ABSTRACT: While the 33rd chapter of the De administrando imperio contains the description of the early medieval county of Zahumlje, there are many unclear places inside. According to our opinion they mostly originate from the praxis of Constantin VII Porphyrogenitus to make conclusions based on his logical judgment and, mostly, dubious etymological constructions obtained through his informers and own observations. Considering that the name Zahumlje has been disappearing with time, having been replaced by the formulation Humska zemlja (Hum’s land), the author points out the difference between these geographical categories, carried out their ubication and suggested the reasons for their change.

• Goran BEHMEN, Ideološki aspekti arengi, zaketvi i sankcija u srednjovjekovnim bosanskim ispravama, 167-175  Download

ABSTRACT: Arengas, oaths and sanctions in medieval documents present not only formal parts of documents, they also, through its theological intonation, reflect Christian ideological concept of European medieval society. Arengas, which appear in documents of Bosnian Middle Ages since the time of coronation of Tvrtko I Kotromanic, testify about the acceptance of sovereign – potentate, whose authority comes from the Christ himself and who is given the legitimacy only by the divine authority. Arengas of the Bosnian kings were written under the strong influence of Raska charters and, as in the case of Tvrtko I Kotromanic, correspond to authority being elicited from the family ties with Nemanjic family. The oaths in the documents, both by the governing dynasty of Kotromanic, and by other major noblemen families (Kosaca, Pavlovic, Hrvatinic) mention Holly Gospel, Honourable Cross of Christ, evangelists and apostles, while sanctions contain poena spiritualis with the threat of curse in the spirit of Christian theological concept.

• Marijan PREMOVIĆ, Trgovina i trgovački putevi u župi Budimlja, 177-183  Download

ABSTRACT: The paper treats the topic of trade development in the parish (župa) of Budimlje as the crossroads of caravan routes from Primorje and Zeta to the interior of the Balkans. This area became especially important with the development of mining, while in the 16^th century the focus of trade in this area slowly shifted towards Nikolj-pazar.

• Milovan ŠĆEPANOVIĆ, Najranije razgraničenje Crne Gore i Hercegovine, 185-201  Download

ABSTRACT: Determination of the borders of some state, especially in the process of growing of its subjectivity, belongs to the framework of very important issues connected with acquiring the attributes of the free member of international community. This paper deals with the earliest forms of mar king the borders of Montenegro’s territory during the reign of Petar II Petrović Njegoš, and the existence of Montenegro in factice, but not in formal sense of international law. That’s why there was used an opportunity to, besides emphasizing mentioned question, chronologically show the development of events in this area even in the later periods of hi story of Montenegro.

SAOPŠTENJA

sa međunarodnih naučnih skupova

• Miomir DAŠIĆ, Istoričar evropske kulture, O prof. dr Andriji Lainoviću (1903-1986), Povodom Zbornika “Studije i ogledi iz istorije i diplomatije”, (Beograd 2007, str. 746), 209-216  Download

HRONIKA

• Međunarodni naučni skup: “Sto trideset godina od uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa Crne Gore sa velikim silama nakon sticanja nezavisnosti 1878”, Podgorica, 20. i 21. oktobar 2009., 217-219  Download
• Međunarodni naučni skup: Crna Gora, Boka Kotorska i Ilirske provincije 1807-1813, Kotor, 19. oktobar 2009. godine, 221-222  Download
• Međunarodni naučni skup: Rusko-crnogorske naučne veze u minulom i našem vremenu, Podgorica, 5-6. oktobar 2009, 223-225  Download

PRIKAZI

• Dušan J. MARTINOVIĆ, Академик Евгений Львович Немировский: Автобиографијя, Москва: РАН, 2005, стр. 300, 227-228  Download
• Milica KOSTIĆ, Miomir Dašić “Rovca kod Berana”, Crnogroska akademija nauka i umjetnosti, Podgorica 2008, str., 383 229-232  Download
• Milorad TELEBAK, Dr Dušan J. Martinović: “Zoran Ristović – život i rad”, IBPE, Cetinje 2008, 233-234  Download
• Đorđije TRIFUNOVIĆ, Milan Lj. Bulatović, Lozna kroz vremena, Pegaz – Bijelo Polje, 2008, str. 189., 235-236  Download

IN MEMORIAM

• Branislav Bato Kovačević 1933-2009 (Radoje Pajović), 237-240  Download